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Open educational resources (OER) are educational content freely accessible to all, openly licensed, and authorized to use for teaching and learning. The potential of OER to increase access to education and promote educational equity has been widely recognized, but its impact on student learning outcomes remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of OER on student access to education, learning outcomes, and educational equity. A mixed-methods approach was used, quantitative data were collected through surveys and standardized tests, and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The Department of Education at the University of Sargodha chose two intact classes from the undergraduate program. The findings revealed that OER positively impacted student learning outcomes, particularly in subjects like mathematics and science. The study further found that OER had the potential to promote educational equity by reducing barriers to access and improving educational outcomes for marginalized groups. These findings suggest that OER can effectively enhance educational opportunities and outcomes for all students, particularly those who face barriers to accessing high-quality education. Policymakers and educators should consider the adoption of OER as a means of promoting educational equity and improving student learning outcomes. Keywords: Open educational resources, access to education, Student learning outcomes, Science, Mathematics, Educational equity,

As a matter of fact, there has been expanding proof that ICT might have the option to give more adaptable and powerful ways for deep rooted proficient improvement for the present educators due to fast advancement in ICT, particularly the Internet, conventional beginning instructor preparing as well as in help kept preparing establishments overall are going through a quick change in the design and content of their preparation and conveyance techniques for their courses. The present study was aimed to asses ICT skills of prospective teachers in perspective of their classroom usage. Sample was comprised of 80 students selected out of 750 prospective teachers of the department. Questionnaire was developed for data collection from prospective teachers. Questionnaire contained demographic detail about prospective teachers and 34 statements (stems). Findings revealed that Majority of the prospective teachers have excellent and good ICT skills and significant positive correlation between perceived ICT skills and acquired ICT skills prospective teachers. There was no significant difference in perceived ICT skills on the basis of gender and residence of prospective teachers as well as their program of studies (BS Education, B.Ed Hons and MA Education). It is recommended that ICT skills and digital technology may be integrated in the courses of educational programs on different levels in all training programs of prospective teachers so that they may better engage themselves in learning ICT skills and usage of digital technological resources in teaching learning process. Keywords: ICT, Technological Resources, ICT Skills, Acquired ICT Skills, Perceived ICT Skills

The aim of this study was to explore how the use of technology impacts the academic achievement of students in private colleges. The study focused on the knowledge, skills, availability, accessibility, and usability of technology in the learning process for students in private colleges. The study had two main objectives: a) To explore the effect of digital technology (availability, accessibility, usability and Knowledge and Skill Level) on student’s achievement. b) To compare the gender differences among the effect of digital technology (availability, accessibility, usability and Knowledge and Skill Level) on students’ achievement. The research employed a quantitative approach. The population of the study consisted of all private colleges in Sargodha in the academic year 2015-2016, and purposive sampling was employed to select a sample of 380 students from nine private colleges. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the effects of digital technology on achievement. All the data collected from the respondents were analyzed through SPSS Version 22. The researcher used the t-test, and Regression. The results showed a significant effect of technology's availability, accessibility, usability, and knowledge and skills on students' achievement. The study recommended the continued use of technology to encourage active learning and improve academic performance. Availability of technology was found to increase students' in-depth knowledge and ability to tackle new challenges in using digital technology to develop their skills in line with educational objectives. The study recommends the access of technology to all students Keywords: Digital, Technology, Access, Availability, Integration

The aim of this study to focus on the role of ICT in accessing academic resources. The goal of this study is to determine whether access to and use of ICT can benefit or hamper various educational technology techniques. A survey technique was used for data collection. The population of the study comprised of the students studying in the University of Sargodha. Convenient sampling technique was used for the selection of representative sample. Fifty students were selected from the Department of Education. Questionnaire was developed for data collection. Data was collected from a sample size of 110 students in teacher education department of university of Sargodha. The data obtained was tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted by SPSS. According to the study's findings, students had a variety of opinions about how ICTs affected their access to knowledge and their ability to learn. It is m further, advised that students be given access to ICT resources for improved performance and era integration. Keywords: Information Communication Technology, access, teaching and learning, resources

In conventional way of learning, internet become prevalent, affecting the social and cultural material of our society. Internet utilization has widely spread to various regions of the world. This research looks at ambitions to examine the students’ educational achievements with the help of internet. Universities have long trialed with unique mastering environments to accommodate the desires of their students and scholars. Internet has reformed the manner we speak, we interact and we socialize. This research deeply investigates the outcomes of use of internet comprising traditional way of mastering versus on line studying. This research observes the facts of online learning. For this cause, the facts were empirically collected using an especially designed close-ended questionnaire. This paper will examine the benefits and drawbacks of traditional and e-learning learning styles, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of traditional e-learning learning styles, which involve students of both gender interacting in a physical setting like a classroom and online setting in computer lab or other means of internet usage. Keyword: E-Learning, Online Learning, Traditional Learning, Internet, University Students, Hybrid Classes

Spring, 2023 Volume 1 Issue 2 ISSN: 2959-1406 Journal of Online and Digital Education Department of Education University of Sargodha Sargodha-Pakistan www.jode.su.edu.pk