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Stress may be internal or external and recognized as excruciating condition. This paper investigated the effect of stress on secondary school female teacher’s online performance in private sector. The main objective was to find out the level and causes of stress, the second objective is to determine the effect of stress on female teachers online performance. It was a quantitative study. 218 private secondary schools in the city Faisalabad made the population of the study.50 secondary schools were selected randomly. 400 female teachers participated in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. It was found that the female teachers at private secondary schools reported high level stress. It is recommended that training may be arranged for secondary school teachers so that they may be able to cope with their stress. Key Words: Stress, Online Performance, Teachers, Private sector, secondary school.

The sudden emergence of Pandemic at the end of 2019, a deadly virus spread Corona, challenged the whole globe. This circumstance put the global education system in danger and forced instructors to switch over to online instruction right away. Accordingly, the Department of School Education (SED) has developed a number of measures to implement social distance. To help educational institutions, online instruction is supported by transition of the Tele Schools. The environment for teaching and learning will be more varied and vibrant with digital information, making it more pleasant. The data analysis was conducted using NVIVO. It was found that Elementary education has major impact on smooth conduct of teaching and learning in classrooms. Both students and teachers found it difficult to collaborate. Keeping in view the findings of the study, it is advised that facilities for virtual learning may be provided. It is also recommended that in future Mixed mode learning and flexible learning designs can be developed. Keywords: Elementary Education, Future Learning, Pandemic, Educational Measures, Learning environment

This study investigated the use and integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in universities administrative services. In order to achieve the purpose and objectives of this study, questionnaire was designed to collect data from 350 respondents, being the sample size for the study. The data collected were analyzed by using statistics including frequency and percentage, t-test and ANOVA. The major impacts of ICT in administrative services/management of students' records in universities were identified and discussed. Suggestions were made according to the needs for universities to widen the scope of ICT application in administrative services to fully reap the benefits of ICT. The results of the study revealed that information regarding admission system were displayed online and were available for the students, Registrations were also done online, and the results of the study revealed that when students used LMS, their grades improved, records were kept electronically. Majority of students were agreed that the use of ICT helped them to find information related to Admission and their application for admissions was submitted online at admission time. Majority of university students were not clear about how to use university websites for admission process. For this purpose video may be uploaded on university sites for counseling and guidance of students.

The purpose of this research is to create apps that will assist primary school students in overcoming their writing difficulties. Accordingly, these questions will be answered: 1) What role can online letter writing exercises play in helping students overcome their writing difficulties? 2) To what extent can online word writing practice aid in the reduction of writing difficulties? 3) How can the practice of creating sentences help to reduce writing difficulties? 4) What role do text writing techniques have in helping students overcome their writing challenges ? A qualitative model and an action research strategy were both used in this study. 6 students who were discovered to have writing difficulties were included in this study's participants. "Repeated online Dictation and Motivation Practices" were used in the research to help participants overcome their writing challenges. When the study's results are taken into account, the eradication of participants' writing issues improves. The Repeated online Dictation and Motivation Practices used in the research were deemed to be effective. Writing problems may be eliminated via the practice of dictation in terms of letters, words, phrases and texts, and the study group's participation is crucial. Keywords: Writing difficulty, Repeated dictation, Online Dictionary, Technique, Challenge

During Covid-19 and even in Post Covid, Online classes in educational institutes has become a need. Online classrooms, despite of critics provides a great alternative for the traditional classrooms. The current study is to explore the perception of students about ethics in online classrooms. Semi structured interview was used as a tool from conveniently selected 20 students who took online classrooms. The study found that students are known to classrooms ethics. But they do not understand how to personalize the experience and their online presence and also taking care of other fellow’s privacy. The study recommends that in online classrooms, teachers ultimately will be the source of motivation to regulate the ethical concerns of the undergraduate students and for the purpose it may be needed to train teachers about their role on ethical regulation in online classrooms Key Words: Online classrooms. Ethics, Ethical Concerns, Norms

Open educational resources (OER) are educational content freely accessible to all, openly licensed, and authorized to use for teaching and learning. The potential of OER to increase access to education and promote educational equity has been widely recognized, but its impact on student learning outcomes remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of OER on student access to education, learning outcomes, and educational equity. A mixed-methods approach was used, quantitative data were collected through surveys and standardized tests, and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The Department of Education at the University of Sargodha chose two intact classes from the undergraduate program. The findings revealed that OER positively impacted student learning outcomes, particularly in subjects like mathematics and science. The study further found that OER had the potential to promote educational equity by reducing barriers to access and improving educational outcomes for marginalized groups. These findings suggest that OER can effectively enhance educational opportunities and outcomes for all students, particularly those who face barriers to accessing high-quality education. Policymakers and educators should consider the adoption of OER as a means of promoting educational equity and improving student learning outcomes. Keywords: Open educational resources, access to education, Student learning outcomes, Science, Mathematics, Educational equity,

As a matter of fact, there has been expanding proof that ICT might have the option to give more adaptable and powerful ways for deep rooted proficient improvement for the present educators due to fast advancement in ICT, particularly the Internet, conventional beginning instructor preparing as well as in help kept preparing establishments overall are going through a quick change in the design and content of their preparation and conveyance techniques for their courses. The present study was aimed to asses ICT skills of prospective teachers in perspective of their classroom usage. Sample was comprised of 80 students selected out of 750 prospective teachers of the department. Questionnaire was developed for data collection from prospective teachers. Questionnaire contained demographic detail about prospective teachers and 34 statements (stems). Findings revealed that Majority of the prospective teachers have excellent and good ICT skills and significant positive correlation between perceived ICT skills and acquired ICT skills prospective teachers. There was no significant difference in perceived ICT skills on the basis of gender and residence of prospective teachers as well as their program of studies (BS Education, B.Ed Hons and MA Education). It is recommended that ICT skills and digital technology may be integrated in the courses of educational programs on different levels in all training programs of prospective teachers so that they may better engage themselves in learning ICT skills and usage of digital technological resources in teaching learning process. Keywords: ICT, Technological Resources, ICT Skills, Acquired ICT Skills, Perceived ICT Skills

The aim of this study was to explore how the use of technology impacts the academic achievement of students in private colleges. The study focused on the knowledge, skills, availability, accessibility, and usability of technology in the learning process for students in private colleges. The study had two main objectives: a) To explore the effect of digital technology (availability, accessibility, usability and Knowledge and Skill Level) on student’s achievement. b) To compare the gender differences among the effect of digital technology (availability, accessibility, usability and Knowledge and Skill Level) on students’ achievement. The research employed a quantitative approach. The population of the study consisted of all private colleges in Sargodha in the academic year 2015-2016, and purposive sampling was employed to select a sample of 380 students from nine private colleges. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the effects of digital technology on achievement. All the data collected from the respondents were analyzed through SPSS Version 22. The researcher used the t-test, and Regression. The results showed a significant effect of technology's availability, accessibility, usability, and knowledge and skills on students' achievement. The study recommended the continued use of technology to encourage active learning and improve academic performance. Availability of technology was found to increase students' in-depth knowledge and ability to tackle new challenges in using digital technology to develop their skills in line with educational objectives. The study recommends the access of technology to all students Keywords: Digital, Technology, Access, Availability, Integration

The aim of this study to focus on the role of ICT in accessing academic resources. The goal of this study is to determine whether access to and use of ICT can benefit or hamper various educational technology techniques. A survey technique was used for data collection. The population of the study comprised of the students studying in the University of Sargodha. Convenient sampling technique was used for the selection of representative sample. Fifty students were selected from the Department of Education. Questionnaire was developed for data collection. Data was collected from a sample size of 110 students in teacher education department of university of Sargodha. The data obtained was tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted by SPSS. According to the study's findings, students had a variety of opinions about how ICTs affected their access to knowledge and their ability to learn. It is m further, advised that students be given access to ICT resources for improved performance and era integration. Keywords: Information Communication Technology, access, teaching and learning, resources

In conventional way of learning, internet become prevalent, affecting the social and cultural material of our society. Internet utilization has widely spread to various regions of the world. This research looks at ambitions to examine the students’ educational achievements with the help of internet. Universities have long trialed with unique mastering environments to accommodate the desires of their students and scholars. Internet has reformed the manner we speak, we interact and we socialize. This research deeply investigates the outcomes of use of internet comprising traditional way of mastering versus on line studying. This research observes the facts of online learning. For this cause, the facts were empirically collected using an especially designed close-ended questionnaire. This paper will examine the benefits and drawbacks of traditional and e-learning learning styles, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of traditional e-learning learning styles, which involve students of both gender interacting in a physical setting like a classroom and online setting in computer lab or other means of internet usage. Keyword: E-Learning, Online Learning, Traditional Learning, Internet, University Students, Hybrid Classes

Spring, 2023 Volume 1 Issue 2 ISSN: 2959-1406 Journal of Online and Digital Education Department of Education University of Sargodha Sargodha-Pakistan www.jode.su.edu.pk